Yolo - 1583 Words

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH AND FOREIGN LANGUAGES AND LITERATURE College of Arts and Sciences San Beda College COURSESYLLABUS First Semester, AY2014-2015 San Beda College, a Catholic educational institution, is committed to the Christian formation of the Bedan Community as its service to the Church, the Philippine society, and the world. Vision : San Beda College envisions a community that is Fully Human, Wholly Christian, Truly Filipino, and Globally Competitive. Mission : San Beda College aims to form its members in Faith, Knowledge, and Virtue Core Values : Inculcate in the students the Benedictine core values of Study, Community, and Pursuit of Peace†¦show more content†¦Make a landscape of the images in the story. Draw images shown in the story. Homework Travel Tracer Quiz Individual artwork based on poems Imagery China : Ah-mah - Shirley Geok-lin Lim Pre-reading activity : Present foot-binding images of Chinese women. Poetry reading Interpretation Identify the significant human Discuss the patriarchal culture of China. Categorize the good and bad customs and traditions of China and Philippines Discussion 4 Song from Shi Ching 3 appreciation. Misogyny, Patriarchal issues, social oppression experiences infused in the selections Individual artwork based on poems Imagery Reader - Response work responses task-contrast different cultures contrasting social and cultural worlds Write ones own prayer for his country. Written reflections or Minute Paper 2,7 Shows sensitivity to human needs and social problems Think of some ways to rectify problems in human relations. India : Where The Mind Is Without Fear -Rabindranath Tagore Egypt : To Whom Should I Speak Today ? - T. Eric Peet Identify the writers convictions concerning Indias Caste System Draw out the meaning of the poem. Enumerate the reasons why the persona distrusts his fellowmen. Cite practical situations why man is considered evil. Semantic Mapping Exploring Deeper Meanings Discussion 1,2,3 2,3 Analyze and respond to arguments about racial discrimination. Record ones understanding/ knowledge by creatingShow MoreRelatedYolo832 Words   |  4 Pages‘Fight gone bad’ workout One minute each of these five exercises makes one circuit; complete  three circuits. * Consecutive high kicks on the bags (alternate legs every 30 seconds): Targets the  hips, glutes and hamstrings * Skipping (freestyle): Gets the body moving, increases stamina * Weighted jab/cross hooks combo (alternate hooks every 30 seconds): Great for toned upper arms * Speed ladder footwork: Increases agility * Burpees to toes-to-bar: Calorie burner DANCE  NUMBER Read MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Yolo 1041 Words   |  5 Pagesfew laughs, we had our tennis and lacrosse teams go into districts, shared a few laughs, and most importantly, make some lifelong memories along the way (and did I mention share a few laughs). Today I am going to transform the ever popular saying â€Å"YOLO† (You only live once) into a more realistic, and more fitting phrase, YODO. YODO is not the famous Star Wars character Yoda’s brother, but rather the title of my speech and more importantly the phrase I live by every day of my life, you only die onceRead MoreYolo Council Campaign Essay Examples732 Words   |  3 Pagesam Main Gutierrez, and I am running for Californias 4th State Assembly district. I am your regular neighbor and community member. For the last five years, I have been on the Board of Supervisors for District 4. It was wonderful to be able to serve Yolo County and advocate for our community in different ways such as protectin g farmland and helping those who are disadvantaged. Some history about me, I grew up in Woodland with my diligent and committed immigrants parents and siblings. The importanceRead MoreMy Time At The Yolo Bypass Wildlife Area2857 Words   |  12 PagesIntroduction: For my field project I chose to spend my time at the Yolo Bypass Wildlife Area. I chose this as my destination because the convenience of being in close proximity, allowing my partner and I ease if multiple trips were needed. I also found it intriguing that an auto tour was offered. The auto tour not only provided convenience and allowed for more grounds to be covered and data luxuriously collected, but also proved advantageous when it came down to a vantage point for wildlife viewingRead MoreRegents Of The University Of California V. Bakke980 Words   |  4 Pagesthis case before it was presented to the U.S. Supreme Court: The Superior Court of Yolo County, California and The Supreme Court of California. The Superior Court of Yolo County verdict found that UC Davis’s special program did go against federal and state constitution and Title VI, so therefore it was illegal. They said that race should not be taken account of in admissions decisions. However, the Superior Court of Yolo County stated that Bakke should not be admitted into the medical school becauseRead MoreMusically Inspired Movements Essays778 Words   |  4 Pagesimportantly displays its message in the masses of society further leading to cultural movements. Examples of musically inspired movements include Michael Jackson’s environment awareness, the Tupac Shakur and the Notorious B.I.G rivalry, and Drake’s motto YOLO. Michael Jackson, the King of Pop, inspired a worldwide movement. In 1995, Michael Jackson wrote a socially conscious piece on environmental and animal awareness in his song, â€Å"Earth Song.† This musical piece conceptualized an emotional message forRead MoreThe Bucket List And The Open Road 4300 Miles1078 Words   |  5 Pageswriting, and art. The connotation of â€Å"Carpe Diem,† is supposed to be all about seizing the day and living life to the fullest, however there are many people who take this concept a bit too far. A perfect example of this is the newly created concept of YOLO. YOLO stands for â€Å"you only live once.† This seems to have given you teens to young adults an excuse to drink underage, act inappropriately, and other bad behaviors. Adrenaline junkies have performed â€Å"death defying† stunts. These are just two examplesRead MoreWhat Makes A Word?1154 Words   |  5 Pagesof this would be ‘NASA’ which is well known and is in fact shortened down from ‘National Aeronautics and Space Administration’ allowing it to be more easily recognised and regularly used as a part of the language. A newer addition to the dictionary ‘YOLO’ meaning ‘You only live once’ shows the use of modern acronyms and the rate at which social trends can shape the way different groups of people use and except the English language. Overall, words in the English language are solely chosen by the speakersRead MoreThe Case of The Regents of the University of California v. Bakke761 Words   |  3 Pagesman’s rejection from UC Davis’ Medical School when students with lower grades than him were accepted through a minority benefits program. The young man, Allan Bakke, was rejected in two successive years before filing suit in the Superior Court of Yolo County, arguing that he had to be accepted to the school since those with grades lower than him had been accepted through the benefits program. The school claimed that the goal of their minority benefits program was to further diversify their campusRead MoreEvaluation Model Paper894 Words   |  4 Pagesestablishing a stronger community bond and also not facing jail time. This summary proves that formal evaluation process can work in criminal justice. References Doan, C. (2015, September 28). Yolo Co. DA helps homeless offenders with court program. Retrieved June 30, 2016, from http://www.kcra.com/news/yolo-co-da-helps-homeless-offenders-with-court-program/35545716 Garrison, A. H. (2009). The Influence of Research on Criminal Justice Policy Making. Professional Issues in Criminal Justice, 4. Retrieved

The Conservative Values Of Their Parents - 1156 Words

teenagers retained the conservative values of their parents. This is not a logical conclusion nor is it supported by the substance of his earlier text. Oakley, unlike Pennington, appears to be writing from a religious perspective based on the title of his work, â€Å"God’s Country, America in the Fifties† which influenced his final conclusion. He cites surveys from college professors that supposedly reveal that the majority of teenagers retained conservative values. He seems naà ¯ve and out of touch with the true majority of the youth of the country during that time and only focuses on the values of college students to support his conclusion that 1950’s youth did not stray from the morals and values of their parents. His perspective seems to be written from the â€Å"white perspective† rather than an unbiased view. He continues to contradict himself when he concludes at the end of his piece that parents were still worried. If these youths had retained the ir conservative values, it would make no sense for the parents to be worried about their behavior. Pennington’s essay stays consistent throughout. He provides a more thoughtful and unbiased argument to support his conclusion that Rock and Roll and the new forms of consumerism expressed the inner conflict between conservative and rebellious forces for high school teenagers who wanted to rebel against their parents yet retain their conservative values. The tension between the generations in the 1950’s was caused by the teenagers changeShow MoreRelatedWhat is Political Socialization? Essay563 Words   |  3 Pagestheir political ideology. Political ideology is how a person expresses their values and beliefs into their political leaning (Dautrich p.270. A person can vary between liberal and conservative ideology depending on the political issues. Political ideology is shaped by a person’s life, values, and beliefs in what is called political socialization. Political socialization is â€Å"the process by which an individual acquires values, beliefs, and opinions about politics† (Dautrich p.272). Political socializationRead MoreHow Parents Religious Affiliation Affects the Way1565 Words   |  7 PagesParenting is something that is obviously successful or in the worst case, has failed miserably! We found that the parents religious affiliation affects the way they raise their children. The particular theologies theory posits that different religious affiliations put varying efforts into emphasizing family-formation strategies (Pearce 2002: 325). Religious affiliations, inspired parents to be fervent on imp lanting strong morals, maintaining close relational ties within their family, and encourageRead MoreFamily Values And The American Dream1441 Words   |  6 PagesFamily values have become a central idea in the concept of the American Dream. For several decades, family values have received emphasis in the American politics. Particularly, the last three decades of the twentieth century were of critical importance in the development of the various movements that promoted family values. The rise of evangelical leaders and conservative politicians served to bring family values to the consciousness of the nation. The Christian right leaders came together to supportRead MoreEssay about The Making of You as a Student1438 Words   |  6 Pages1a As a primary school student growing up in a major agricultural town, I can say with certainty that my school was one of mostly ‘Conservative’ orientation, but with an undercurrent of ‘Liberal’. I believe this largely influenced my identity, and led to a specific construction of child (Jones, 2011). This essay will discuss how a predominantly ‘Conservative’ orientation unintentionally shaped my childhood and adolescence, affected my views and expectations of sex and gender, and formed my Read MoreAbortion : Liberals Vs. Conservatives1658 Words   |  7 PagesAbortion: Liberals vs. Conservatives George Lakoff has a very unique was of looking at moral politics. He attempts to dissect the views of the liberal party and the views of the conservative parties in today’s society. Liberals  believe that the government should take action to achieve equal opportunity and equality for all.  The liberal party claims the duty of the government is to alleviate social problems and to protect civil liberties and human rights.  Also, they believe the role of the governmentRead MoreThe Importance of Social Stability and Economic Freedom to Conservatism1523 Words   |  7 Pagesfocussed on both social stability and economic freedom, believing that the two are inherently intertwined. The central theme of Conservative thought, namely â€Å"the desire to conserve†, is closely linked to the emphasis placed on respect for tradition, established customs and institutions that have endured the â€Å"test of time†. Conservatives fervently believe that tradition reflects the accumulated wisdom of the past, and that institutions and customs which have been testedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Graphic Novel Persepolis1423 Words   |  6 PagesIn the nine years following the Iranian Revolution, the Iranian government executed over 30,000 people as a result of their values conflicting with the conservative Islamic ideals of the new regime (McTighe). The graphic novel Persepolis explores this change in government and the conflict-ridden road leading to it through the story of a young girl named Marjane and her family. It explores how the family’s Communist attitudes cause them to be willing to risk their lives speaking out for a change,Read MoreWhy I Am Liberal Or Conservative?982 Words   |  4 PagesLIBERAL OR CONSERVATIVE Introduction Roadmap This paper will determine and defend whether I am liberal or conservative. I strongly disagree with many of the liberal principles; therefore, this paper will show that I am a conservative. In this thought paper I will compare a few of the issues that I agree with or disagree with from either position. Accordingly, I will cite several websites that I have found as well as define the terms I am choosing between. THESIS I believe that people shouldRead MoreConservative And Liberal Ideology On Healthcare Reform1482 Words   |  6 Pages Conservative and Liberal ideology has been an ongoing battle within the United States ever since this country has been established. People who have different views and beliefs on how this country should be ran. I really never got into conservative and liberal battle that goes on in our country. I guess I was too busy saving peoples lives to worry about how this country should be ran. Then I started to think to myself why aren’t you caring and I said, I should start caring about what happens toRead More Youth Rebelliion In The 1950s Essay1028 Words   |  5 PagesRoberson During the 1950’s there was significant social change taking place in America. Young people were dissatisfied with certain conservative aspects of society and their conduct reflected this. They embraced the rock and roll culture, the new style of music and also the new styles of dancing and dress that were associated with it shocked the older more conservative people. Young people were also quick to protest against the controversial issues of the 1950’s. Civil Rights, the Vietnam War and general

Company Advertising and Online Reviews Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Company Advertising and Online Reviews. Answer: Company Advertising and Online Reviews Marketing involves several aspects which determine the rate at which products can be absorbed in the market. Advertisements play a significant role in pushing products in the market as it provides comprehensive information on a commodity. On the other hand, online reviews provide a valuable review on products which provides a guideline and influence on the rate at which a product might be taken in the market. Therefore, the two remain essential concepts in the marketing world which command significant influence on the probability of goods being taken in the market. However, the question on which source controls the largest influence on consumers remains in a contest. The paper provides a series of sources that can be used in arriving at a substantial discussion on the possible factors that suggest which approach can be trusted by consumers whenever planning to make purchases in the market. Annotated Bibliographies The article is written by Fonda Daren focusing on whether an individual should trust online reviews by highlighting truth on what determines the ratings on commodities. The report emphasizes the truth on what controls ratings and reviews and the extents that companies go towards clearing a bad rating or review on their products. The article cites the example of Mandana Yousefi and the facts that made her give a one-star rating on a Chinese restaurant review site based on the treatment she received. The article denotes the fact that ratings are so influential in businesses and thus raise the chances of companies using every means to inflate their scores. Further, it notes that firms may bribe review sites to erase negative comments or have the persons saying be compensated in exchange for an upgrade on the rating. Furthermore, companies competing against each other might hire review sites and individuals to render a negative review to their business advantage. The reality points towards a deafening truth in the fact that people should not fully rely on ratings to make a purchase. The research uses the example of Yelp which has been accused previously of altering reviews of producing fake information to the public for their profitable reasons. The reality is evident on the site that has a collective of 44 percent of the ratings on five star, 24 percent on four stars, and an 11 percent on 3 stars as the numbers lower with the star rating. The numbers indicate the insincerity that companies can obtain to achieve their ends in the business. However, the article concludes by setting the importance sectors where reviews assist such as thos e dealing with price comparison on given commodities. The article is informative given the in-depth nature it takes in examining the negative sides of a review and ratings in promoting products. Consumers conversant with the reality would not use the indications to make a decision on a purchase but rather rely on the advertisements where one can hold a firm liable for the provision of false information. The article provides accurate information given the facts in the examples used which are authentic and can be proven. The reality validates the information thus making it resourceful in the topic for discussion. In this case, the article remains essential in the discussion between the rate of reliability between company advertisement and reviews on the internet sites. The reality is useful in developing points for an argument against the popularity of reviews in convincing customers into making purchases. Besides, the facts presented in the article provide sufficient information towards the arguments for either side of the debate. The setback on the review can be used to provide statistics towards its challenge hence unreliable for a study. On the other hand, the benefits in some sectors can be used to point towards its reliability in promoting products and services in the society. Conclusively, the information can be used to arrive at a reasonable solution to the discussion based on the side that holds significant votes. The article can be used to argue in favor and opposition of reviews as an important factor in triggering purchase among consumers. Therefore, the article is recommendable for the discussion on the most influential means of convincing customers to purchase. The article represents the reflections and study of Cui Geng, Lui Hon-Kwong, and Guo Xiaoning who focus on the effects of online consumer reviews on new products. The article created in 2012, focuses on key terms such as customer feedback, internet marketing, product launch and development surrounding issues within effects of reviews. The article provides a study on the effect of online reviews on new product sales on electronic items and video games by consumers. It remains undeniable that consumers constantly review products and check from various sources to ascertain the rate of preference or refute on a product. The skill assists individuals in making an informed decision based on the experience of a product or service outlined by others. The study notes the importance of reviews more so to the hospitality industry where people do reviews before visiting restaurants or destinations for holidays. Besides, the article presents facts on issues surrounding new products in the market, which rely on ratings, where a good review on a product increases the ability to sell while those with even little ratings deserve a place in the society. The analysis of the article was carried out on Amazon, a significant online market for an electronic commodity on how reviews propelled sale of new products in the market. The results of the study indicate the reality that reviews have a great influence on the take up of new products in the market. The negative comments had a significant effect on the sales of the commodities marked with lower review digits registered small purchase and vice-versa. The fact confirmed the negativity bias on commodities placing the possibility of a product failure in the market owing to a few negative statements. Summarily, the article presents the basic factors that promote the use of reviews in determining the market influence on consumers. In this case, the artic le recommends for marketers to consider a rather distinctive influence on their products as bias existing might distort the promise of a product uptake in the market at its entry stage. The study is critical to the topic under study as it highlights yet another ground where reviews determine the rate of sale of products. Further, the study is authentic given the profession of the authors who in different institutions serve at academic institutions which remain responsible for academic researches. The information can be used to drive reasons for the likelihood of consumers using reviews at a higher rate compared to that of company advertisements. The facts expressed in the study match those of similar research thereby placing hopes to the reality of reviews determining product sale. The logical representation of facts in the article can be used to develop a convincing argument on the essential use of reviews among consumers. Notably, it would lead to a positive argument on reviews as a trusted source of information that can lure consumers into making a purchase. On the other hand, the article can be used to argue against the negative bias caused little faith in the product advertisement as a source charming clients into making purchases. Therefore, the study is relevant to the discussion which can separately be used to convince individuals. The reliability of the information remains authentic as the three professors hold significant faith in the product market. The information shall assist much in securing grounds and confirming on the product availability. The reviews remain open to influencing product uptake and discussing various factors surrounding economic scales of the study. The article is a creation of the study on the effect of word of mouth on sales carried out by Judith Chevalier and Dina Mayzlin in 2006. The journal examines the effects of consumers review on books and the effect on the sales of similar books. The study uses the case of Amazon and the Barnes and Noble where a high number of reviews on books exist. The study finds out an overwhelming number of reviews on the positive side as opposed to the books negativity. Further, the reviews were more on Amazon compared to those at Barnes and Noble. Notably, changes in a books review led to increased sales observed on the sites. A third observation made in the study indicates a greater impact on one-star review on sample study was greater than the impact of a five-star review. Several books had a five-star rating with a few having one-star ratings which attracted close attention to the buyers. The study on the effect of reviews to the sales of the book indicated that customers were most likely to review text on given topics rather than base on advertisements or summary statics. The article is relevant to the study of examining the competitive results from company advertisements and online reviews to the purchase and sale of commodities in the market. The author comes from a relevant background that deals with marketing and thereby provides trust in the information provided. Besides, he cites several references to the study which assist in accrediting the information provided in the case. The study captures the effect of reviews on sites where individuals purchase books online according to the review results made. Besides, the article denotes the effect of reviews in marketing by highlighting how much they convince clients into making purchases. The study is relevant to the topic for discussion as it looks to the effect of reviews on purchase which determines the competitive rate between the concept and that of company advertisement. The article shall remain valuable in forwarding arguments for or against the influence of the two factors determining the sale of communities in the market. The results of the study shall be essential to cover the concerns on word of mouth making it reliable and a significant factor towards commodity purchase. People are more inclined to focus on the negative reviews to ascertain the effects of word of mouth or reviews placed by individuals. The study is essential in raising the credibility of reviews as legit claims that outdo those of advertising which come for the purpose of selling products in the market. The study is essential in understanding the effect of reviews based on the fact that they are genuine as the reviewers stand to benefit little from the results. On the other hand, the study would help in the discussion in outlining the fact that advertising may not be 100 percent genuine since it comes from the primary individuals making products that need to thrive in the business. The genuine study on the effects of reviews shall form a special argument on the topic in an argument for the effects of reviews on a purchase of commodities. Therefore, the study remains instrumental to crediting one of the factors as superior to the other as it focuses on one of the major factors that determine the rate at which individuals can make purchases on a commodity. The results of the study are useful in providing a logical argument for the influence of reviews towards the ability and probability to buy a commodity as evidenced in the case of books purchase at Amazon and Barnes and Noble. The article was created in 2013 by Birke Daniel in trying to understand the effects of social networks and their economics towards influencing consumers on products. The study focuses on the likely effects of social networks acting as marketing avenues for products and services where people and companies advertise their products. In this case, the research reveals how consumers are susceptible to the social networks which provide an avenue for advertising products and services. The study uses the social networks analysis to explain the possible influence by friends and peers who post or share information derived from advertisements. The author uses the increased numbers of advertisements on the social media to inform of the influence it has on product consumption. Further, the article presents statistics that provide interplay between social media and the promotion of products. The study provides the reality of purchases and the power of advertising which seems to throw much weight on the probability of advertisement to influence a consumer market. The author carefully explains the roles of advertisements, given the wide presence of the social media to push products to the people. The article notes that products with a high rate of advertisement on the social media receive deserved attention leading to product consumption among the consumers. The author of the study focuses on the interdependency rate between friends and peers to determine the influence of a product up for advertisement on individuals. The book is instrumental in its use of diverse examples of websites and specific commodities to explain its aspects in marketing. The book ends up with the conclusion that advertisement by firms bears significant influence at the likelihood of i ndividuals purchasing a product. The reality from the book provides a background to study the marketing contest between the influence of reviews and advertisement on product uptake by consumers. The book provides a useful resource for the marketing professionals who understand the power of advertising. In this respect, the book is essential in handling the topic on marketing between the online reviews and the effects of advertisement on the probability of consumers purchasing products. It is evident that the statistics presented in the book are authentic given the reputation of the author. The author produces in-depth statistical information from social sites which determine product uptake strength. Further, the book is instrumental on the provision of empirical evidence on consumer influence as evidenced by its use of Wiley to highlight the arguments. The article is useful in the research on the components holding much influence on consumers given its analysis of the social network effects. The facts presented can be used to argue for company advertisement towards influencing customer purchase on commodities. The probability of individuals creating reviews on products depends on the amount of knowledge created through advertisements. Therefore, company advertisements influence purchase to great extents as the reviews come from the possible use. I find the text important towards the formation of a formidable argument for one side of the factors that influence the probability of product purchase between company advertisement and product reviews on the online sites. Therefore, the book presents facts that can be incorporated into the discussion towards arriving at solutions to the marketing topic. The book records a study and facts found on the consumer behavior surrounding the purchase of goods and services. The book drives the understanding of the effectiveness of marketing campaigns by highlighting the strategies used by producers to reach the hearts of the consumers. The book shows how marketers apply knowledge on developing marketing strategies that attract consumers towards a product uptake. Further, the book indicates the facts that lead to loyalty through referral and proper use of commodities. Notably, the book notes that consumers take up products that satisfy their needs and would in most cases not rely on reviews as long as the service provided satisfies one's demands. Furthermore, the book handles the 4ps of marketing highlighting how each works and the power it places on advertisement as a social tool towards an appeal to a product purchase. The book suggests on the creation of a powerful marketing tool by citing examples of products that have utilized the strategy towards convincing a significant number of consumers into purchasing commodities in the market. Besides, the book explores the external influences on customers whenever purchasing products ranging from cultures, social groups, and popular trends and aligns the factors to the power of marketing. The book presents various empirical data representing product uptake and trial owing to the power of marketing used in line with adherence to the four Ps of marketing. As a result, the study concludes that the extent to which companies go in developing a strategic advertisement determines the success rate of a product in the market. Products achieving the needs of consumers manage to appeal to t heir emotional, social, and economic needs. The study explains the importance of development and advertisement of products with a touch on consumers and relates the same towards a possible influence on product consumption. The book is critical to the topic of the day that analyzes the influence of products uptake on customers. The provisions for positive advertisement assist in supporting a logical proposition on the role of company advertisement on changing consumer consumption patterns. The information presented in the book comes from a logical point of view given the credibility of the author as a contributor in the marketing sector. The author uses several examples that can be proven and selects a broad research model that exemplifies the influence of social groups towards product consumption. Further, it disqualifies the influence of reviews in commanding a product purchase by insinuating the widespread use of advertisements which transfers knowledge on a product development in the market. As long as commodities meet the demands of a population, reviews have little effects towards their purchase. Understanding the nature of consumer behavior is instrumental towards understanding the influential power between reviews and advertisement and how each impacts the society. The factors presented in the report can be used in promotion of one aspect of marketing and at the same time used to discredit the influence of reviews on product uptake. The book remains instrumental in revealing the benefits of advertisement and highlighting the various forms it takes towards promoting consumer behavior. Therefore, the research can benefit comfortably through the findings in the book in promoting the discussion with informative news. References Birke, D. (2013).Social Networks and Their Economics: Influencing Consumer Choice. John Wiley Sons. Chevalier, J. A., Mayzlin, D. (2006). The effect of word of mouth on sales: Online book reviews.Journal of marketing research,43(3), 345-354. Cui, G., Lui, H., Guo, X. (2012). The Effect of Online Consumer Reviews on New Product Sales. International Journal Of Electronic Commerce, 17(1), 39-58. Fonda, d. (2016). Can you Trust Online Reviews?. Kiplinger's Personal Finance, 70(7), 62-66. Lake, L. (2009).Consumer behavior for dummies. John Wiley Sons. Fonda, d. (2016). Can you Trust Online Reviews?. Kiplinger's Personal Finance, 70(7), 62-66. Cui, G., Lui, H., Guo, X. (2012). The Effect of Online Consumer Reviews on New Product Sales. International Journal Of Electronic Commerce, 17(1), 39-58. Birke, D. (2013).Social Networks and Their Economics: Influencing Consumer Choice. John Wiley Sons. Lake, L. (2009).Consumer behavior for dummies. John Wiley Sons. Chevalier, J. A., Mayzlin, D. (2006). The effect of word of mouth on sales: Online book reviews.Journal of marketing research,43(3), 345-354.

The Services Sector as a Major Driver of UAEs Economy

The journey of United Arab Emirate’s (UAE) transformation from an oil-dependent economy into a diversified one has been long and sustained, but also successful.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Services Sector as a Major Driver of UAE’s Economy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Indeed, academics and commentators are now of the opinion that UAE has succeeded in developing a self-sustaining, multi-component and diversified economy, with the capacity to generate massive capital gains independently of the old oil industry (Davidson, 2009). The UAE urge to diversify its economic base arose from the fear that overreliance on oil exports would soon render its economy susceptible to the vagrancies of global economy and other uncontrollable events, and that it was important to maintain a balance of trade and attract foreign direct investment to shield the Emirates from shaky oil prices (Karnik Fe rnandes, 2009; Davidson, 2009). Some three decades down the line, research demonstrates that UAE’s services sector has matured to become a primary constituent of the country’s economic growth. The brains behind the rapid evolution of UAE’s services industry lie in the equally rapid development of the Kingdom’s financial services sector, hotel and leisure sector, and the speedy integration of knowledge-based industries (Davidson, 2009). In the proliferation of the financial services sector, academics and practitioners note that this domain has been critical in financing huge economic investments and projects undertaken in the country (Boleat, 2005). While UAE’s Central Bank has contributed massively to the growing confidence of investors in the financial sector, the Emirates International Bank (EIB) has, since its commissioning in 1982, â€Å"†¦provided low-interest soft loans in excess of $350 million to various new business projects, especia lly those unrelated to the oil sector† (Davidson, 2009 p. 112).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Consequently, it can be argued that the provision of soft loans by these institutions coupled with the emergence of specialist finance companies continue to contribute to the preservation of economic value of real estate and housing projects undertaken in UAE (Boleat, 2005). In equal breadth, foreign-owned financial institutions, such as HSBC, Barclays and Citibank, have been instrumental in spurring UAE’s export-import business by availing short-term capital to investors (Davidson, 2009). These dynamics have contributed to unprecedented economic growth and sustainability for UAE. Moving to the unprecedented growth of the hotel and leisure sector, it is evident that the number of business and leisure tourists visiting UAE have considerably increased ever sinc e the Kingdom became committed to developing a luxury international tourist industry since the 1990’s (Davidson, 2009). Indeed, according to this author, Dubai has emerged as a realistic alternative to the Mediterranean and Florida due to its iconic hotels and entertainment hotspots, winter sun, long and breath-taking stretches of sandy beaches, and shallow seas. Presently Dubai is not only a booming global economic hub, but also an outstanding resort destination, precisely because of top-notch luxurious hotel projects such as the high-end Jumeirah Beach Hotel and the world’s first seven star hotel Burj Al-Arab (Davidson, 2009). Available figures from the Dubai Department of Tourism and Commerce Marketing (DTCM) demonstrate that Dubai emerged the top tourist destination in terms of hotel occupancy levels and average revenue per available room for January 2012, registering a massive 86.2 percent occupancy level for the month, up from 75.4 per cent registered in January 2011 (Kapur, 2012). By 2007, Dubai was receiving an estimated 6.5 million tourists per year, up from 3.4 million recorded in 2000 (Davidson, 2009).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Services Sector as a Major Driver of UAE’s Economy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Such a surge in bed occupancy and tourist numbers is not only a sure testimony that the hotel and leisure sector is contributing immensely to UAE’s Gross Domestic Product, but also serves as a vivid indicator of the Emirate’s resolve to diversify its economy from oil dependency. As postulated by Davidson (2009), UAE’s heavy investments in infrastructure and leisure, including the creation of Port Rashid, Port Jabel Ali, Dubai International Airport (DXB), Dubailand Theme Park, annual shopping festivals, and exhibition tourism, continue to attract millions of business and leisure tourists into the Kingdom. This vie w is reinforced by Scott (2012), who suggests that UAE’s infrastructure, especially sea ports and world class airports, provides easy access in and out of the country to the advantage of tourists and investors. Lastly, in the role of knowledge-based industries, it is worthwhile to note that the strategic initiatives undertaken to transform UAE into a knowledge-based economy has had positive outcomes not just for the country, but also for the region’s integration and cooperation efforts (Emirates Competitiveness Council, 2011). The Dubai Internet City opened its doors in late 2000 to avail to over 100 corporations’ the information technology (IT) infrastructure that has proved essential to the Kingdom’s economic growth. The infrastructure includes a dedicated submarine internet cable (Davidson, 2009). Interestingly, according to this particular author, â€Å"†¦by 2007 the City had expanded to house nearly 850 companies employing some 10,000 workers, and now boasts the Middle Eastern headquarters of leading technology firms including Microsoft, Hewlett-Packard, Dell, and Canon† (p. 117). The UAE is also home to Dubai Media City, a conglomeration of regional and international media brands, including LBC, Al-Arabiya service, Al-Jezeera, CNN, BBC and Reuters, among others (Davidson, 2009).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Consequently, it is safe to argue that UAE’s financial services sector, hotel and leisure sector, and the emergence of knowledge-based industries, are vivid indicators of the dominance of the country’s services sector as a primary constituent of its economic growth and prosperity. Reference List Boleat, M 2005, ‘Housing finance in the United Arab Emirates’, Housing Finance International, vol. 19 no. 3, pp. 3-6. Davidson, C.M 2009, Dubai: The vulnerability of success, Columbia University Press, New York City. Emirates Competitiveness Council 2011, Policy in action: The UAE in the global knowledge economy, Issue 1. Web. Kapur, V 2012, Six sure signs that show Dubai’s economy is booming again. Web. Karnik, A.V Fernandes, C 2009, ‘Natural resource dependence: A macroeconometric model for the UAE’, Applied Economics, vol. 41 no. 9, pp. 1157-1174. Scott, K (2012, May 31). UAE world’s 16th most competitive economy, Gulf News. Web. This research paper on The Services Sector as a Major Driver of UAE’s Economy was written and submitted by user Ella Dyer to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Kennedy Assassination

The doctors who performed the autopsy and the Warren Commission which had to reach conclusions based on the medical evidence, blundered in substantial ways. These blunders can be presented as evidence of some sinister conspiracy, rather than the result of haste and an excessive concern for the feelings of the Kennedy Family. The Warren Commission published two inaccurate drawings of Kennedy’s wounds. At a news conference on the afternoon of the assassination, the doctors who attended to Kennedy in the Parkland ER discussed the President’s wounds. Although the parkland staff did a highly competent hob of treating Kennedy and Connally, their statements about the nature of the wounds were confused, contradictory, and often mistaken. With possible exception of the Single Bullet Theory, nothing about the assassination has been as controversial as the nature of Kennedy’s head wound. Many witnesses have testified that the back of Kennedy’s head was blown out, su ggesting a shot from ! the Grassy Knoll. Lone assassin theorists have stressed the photographic evidence and the autopsy x-rays, which show the back of the head intact. Randy Robertson claims to have found, in the x-rays of Kennedy’s skull, evidence of two bullet hits to Kennedy’s head. Robertson believes that there is an entrance wound on the back of Kennedy’s head. He also believes that there is a higher wound in the rear of the head. He located this wound in the cowlick area, but unlike the HSCA be believes this wound to be an exit wound rather than an entrance wound. Actually, he apparently believes that a fragment from a shot penetrated Kennedy’s skull from the inside, failed to penetrate the scalp and remained embedded in the skull. There are some problems with this testimony. The HSCA interpreted the cowlick wound as an entrance wound on the basis of beveling on the inner table of the skull. This beveling was visible on photos taken of the inside of the skull ... Free Essays on Kennedy Assassination Free Essays on Kennedy Assassination The doctors who performed the autopsy and the Warren Commission which had to reach conclusions based on the medical evidence, blundered in substantial ways. These blunders can be presented as evidence of some sinister conspiracy, rather than the result of haste and an excessive concern for the feelings of the Kennedy Family. The Warren Commission published two inaccurate drawings of Kennedy’s wounds. At a news conference on the afternoon of the assassination, the doctors who attended to Kennedy in the Parkland ER discussed the President’s wounds. Although the parkland staff did a highly competent hob of treating Kennedy and Connally, their statements about the nature of the wounds were confused, contradictory, and often mistaken. With possible exception of the Single Bullet Theory, nothing about the assassination has been as controversial as the nature of Kennedy’s head wound. Many witnesses have testified that the back of Kennedy’s head was blown out, su ggesting a shot from ! the Grassy Knoll. Lone assassin theorists have stressed the photographic evidence and the autopsy x-rays, which show the back of the head intact. Randy Robertson claims to have found, in the x-rays of Kennedy’s skull, evidence of two bullet hits to Kennedy’s head. Robertson believes that there is an entrance wound on the back of Kennedy’s head. He also believes that there is a higher wound in the rear of the head. He located this wound in the cowlick area, but unlike the HSCA be believes this wound to be an exit wound rather than an entrance wound. Actually, he apparently believes that a fragment from a shot penetrated Kennedy’s skull from the inside, failed to penetrate the scalp and remained embedded in the skull. There are some problems with this testimony. The HSCA interpreted the cowlick wound as an entrance wound on the basis of beveling on the inner table of the skull. This beveling was visible on photos taken of the inside of the skull ...

Absolute Beginner English Personal Information

Absolute Beginner English Personal Information Once English students can spell and count, they can also begin giving personal information such as their address and telephone number. This activity also helps students learn to answer common personal information questions that may be asked in job interviews or when filling out forms.   Personal Information Questions Here are some of the most common personal information questions that students might be asked. Start simple with the verb be  and target simple answers which are shown below.  Its a good idea to write each question and answer pair on the board, or, if possible, create a class handout for reference. What is your telephone number?   -  My telephone number is 567-9087. What is your cell phone number? -  My cell phone / smart phone number is 897-5498. What is your address?- My address is / I live at 5687 NW 23rd St. What is your email address? -  My email address is   Where are you from? -  I am from Iraq / China / Saudi Arabia. How old are you? -  I am 34 years old. / I am thirty-four. What is your marital status? / Are you married? -  I am married / single / divorced / in a relationship.   Once students have gained confidence with simple answers, move on to more general questions about daily life with the present simple  do. Continue with  do you like  questions for  hobbies, likes and dislikes: Who do you live with? -  I live alone / with my family / with a roommate. What do you do? -  I am a teacher / student / electrician. Where do you work? -  I work at a bank / in an office / in a factory. What are your hobbies? -  I like playing tennis. / I like movies.   Finally, ask questions with  can  so that students can practice speaking about abilities: Can you drive? -  Yes, I can / No, I cant  drive. Can you use a computer? -  Yes, I can / No, I cant  use a computer. Can you speak Spanish? -  Yes, I can / No, I cant  speak Spanish. Starting Off Classroom Conversations   What is Your Phone Number? Practice personal information questions by using this simple technique to help students both answer and ask questions.Begin by asking for a students telephone number. Once youve begin, ask the student to continue by asking another student. Before you begin, model the target question and answer:   Teacher:  What is your telephone number? My telephone number is 586-0259. Next, have students participate by asking one of your best students about their phone number. Instruct that student to ask another student. Continue until all students have asked and answered. Teacher:  Susan, hi, how are you? Student: Hi, Im fine. Teacher: What is your telephone number? Student:   My telephone number is 587-8945. Student:   Susan, ask Paolo. Susan:   Hi Paolo, how are you? Paolo:  Hi, Im fine. Susan:  What is your telephone number? Paolo:  My telephone number is 786-4561. What is Your Address? Once students are comfortable giving their telephone number, they should focus on their address. This might cause a problem due to the pronunciation of street names. Before you begin, write an address on the board. Ask students to write their own addresses on a piece of paper. Go around the room and help students with individual pronunciation issues so they feel more comfortable before beginning the exercise. Once again, begin by modeling the correct question and response: Teacher:   What is your address? My address is 45 Green Street.   Once students have understood. Begin by asking one of your stronger students. They should then ask another student and so on. Teacher:   Susan, hi, how are you? Student:  Hi, Im fine. Teacher:   What is your address? Student:  My address is 32 14th Avenue. Teacher:   Susan, ask Paolo. Susan:   Hi Paolo, how are you? Paolo:Hi, Im fine. Susan:  What is your address? Paolo:  My address is 16 Smith Street. Continuing with  Personal Information - Bringing It All Together The final part should make students proud. Combine the phone number and address into a longer conversation asking about nationality, jobs, and other simple questions from information that students have already studied. Practice these short conversations with all of the questions you provided on your worksheet.  Ask students to continue the activity with partners around the class. Teacher:   Susan, hi, how are you? Student: Hi, Im fine. Teacher:   What is your address? Student:  My address is 32 14th Avenue. Teacher:   What is your telephone number? Student:  My telephone number is 587-8945. Teacher:   Where are you from? Student:  Im from Russia. Teacher:  Are you American? Student:  No, Im not American. Im Russian. Teacher:   What are you? Student: Im a nurse. Teacher:   What are your hobbies? Student:  I like playing tennis. This is just one lesson of a series of  absolute  beginner lessons.  More advanced students can practice speaking on the telephone with these dialogues. You can also help students by going over basic numbers in English during the lesson.

Gang violence Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Gang violence - Research Paper Example ThÐ µrÐ µ is thÐ µ constÐ °nt dÐ µbÐ °tÐ µ thÐ µ simplÐ µ quÐ µstion whÐ °t is thÐ µ sociÐ °l problÐ µm. ThÐ µrÐ µ Ð °rÐ µ mÐ °ny diffÐ µrÐ µnt options thÐ °t Ð °rÐ µ Ð °nd cÐ °n bÐ µ rÐ µgÐ °rdÐ µd Ð °s thÐ µ sociÐ °l problÐ µm. SociÐ °l problÐ µm is thÐ °t thrÐ µÃ °tÐ µns vÐ °luÐ µs of sociÐ µty such Ð °s lÐ °w Ð °nd ordÐ µr sociÐ °l cohÐ µsion Ð °nd stÐ °bility of sociÐ °l institutions. HowÐ µvÐ µr somÐ µ of sociÐ °l conditions thÐ °t wÐ µ Ð °rÐ µ now ignorÐ µd it is quitÐ µ possiblÐ µ should bÐ µ sÐ µÃ µn Ð °s sociÐ °l problÐ µms in futurÐ µ. SimilÐ °rly somÐ µ of sociÐ °l mÐ µchÐ °nisms thÐ °t wÐ µ bÐ µliÐ µvÐ µ sociÐ °l problÐ µms Ð °rÐ µ not considÐ µrÐ µd in Ð µÃ °rliÐ µr timÐ µs. Methodology GÐ °ng is thÐ µ group of pÐ µoplÐ µ who through orgÐ °nizÐ °tion formÐ °tion Ð °nd Ð µstÐ °blishmÐ µnt of Ð °ssÐ µmbly shÐ °rÐ µ thÐ µ common idÐ µntity. CurrÐ µntly usÐ µd it usu Ð °lly mÐ µÃ °ns thÐ µ criminÐ °l orgÐ °nizÐ °tion or criminÐ °l bÐ °ckground. In Ð µÃ °rly usÐ µ word gÐ °ng rÐ µfÐ µrs to thÐ µ group of workÐ µrs. ... MÐ °ll of Ð mÐ µricÐ ° locÐ °tion is thÐ µ Ð µxÐ °mplÐ µ of how gÐ °ng violÐ µncÐ µ cÐ °n Ð µrupt Ð °nywhÐ µrÐ µ Ð °nd thÐ °t no pÐ °rt of sociÐ µty is immunÐ µ from this problÐ µm. Ð s trÐ °dÐ µ workÐ µr in this Ð °rticlÐ µ rÐ µÃ °ds: "You simply cÐ °n not bÐ µ sÐ °fÐ µ Ð °nywhÐ µrÐ µ. ЕvÐ µry timÐ µ you turn Ð °round somÐ µonÐ µ is rÐ µmovÐ µd or bÐ µÃ °tÐ µn or killÐ µd." Why Ð °rÐ µ Ð µvÐ µnts such Ð °s mÐ °ll shooting up so oftÐ µn? Why thÐ µsÐ µ trÐ °gÐ µdiÐ µs Ð °rÐ µ still occurring? WhÐ °t is motivÐ °tion for pÐ µoplÐ µ to Ð µngÐ °gÐ µ in such immorÐ °l Ð °nd criminÐ °l bÐ µhÐ °vior? PÐ µoplÐ µ who commit such crimÐ µs Ð °s murdÐ µr fit Ð µxÐ °ct stÐ µrÐ µotypÐ µ? (Rush 85–92) SuthÐ µrlÐ °nd thÐ µory of diffÐ µrÐ µntiÐ °l Ð °ssociÐ °tion cÐ °n hÐ µlp to providÐ µ thÐ µ Ð µxplÐ °nÐ °tion to Ð °bovÐ µ quÐ µstion. SuthÐ µrlÐ °nd Ð °rguÐ µs thÐ °t criminÐ °l bÐ µhÐ °vior is not inhÐ µritÐ µd but it is lÐ µÃ °rnÐ µd in sociÐ °l intÐ µrÐ °ctions. It's just thÐ µ coincidÐ µncÐ µ thÐ °t thÐ µsÐ µ suspÐ µcts in Ð °rticlÐ µ bÐ µst friÐ µnds Ð °nd both hÐ °vÐ µ rÐ µpÐ µÃ °tÐ µdly involvÐ µd in criminÐ °l bÐ µhÐ °vior. ThÐ µ pÐ µrpÐ µtrÐ °tors in this study Ð °rÐ µ dÐ µscribÐ µd Ð °s bÐ µst friÐ µnds who hÐ °vÐ µ thÐ µ long rÐ µpÐ µÃ °tÐ µd history of violÐ °tions of lÐ °w sincÐ µ 11 yÐ µÃ °rs. In Ð °pplying thÐ µory of diffÐ µrÐ µntiÐ °l Ð °ssociÐ °tion with this study it is no coincidÐ µncÐ µ thÐ °t two suspÐ µcts to Ð µngÐ °gÐ µ in sÐ °mÐ µ dÐ µviÐ °nt Ð °ctivitiÐ µs. Judging by thÐ µir intimÐ °tÐ µ connÐ µction with pÐ µÃ µr group such Ð °s gÐ °ngs thÐ µy hÐ °vÐ µ put thÐ µmsÐ µlvÐ µs in thÐ µ Ð µnvironmÐ µnt whÐ µrÐ µ it is Ð µÃ °sy to lÐ µÃ °rn to bÐ µcomÐ µ thÐ µ criminÐ °l. ThÐ µ fÐ °ct thÐ °t mÐ µmbÐ µrs of gÐ °ng Ð µngÐ °gÐ µ d in similÐ °r Ð °ctivitiÐ µs is thÐ µ mÐ °jor fÐ °ctor in Ð µxplÐ °ining why thÐ µsÐ µ commÐ µrciÐ °l shooting took

Independent topic Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Independent topic - Speech or Presentation Example In professional polling the importance of sampling validity is immeasurable. The first step is to fully identify the sampling frame from the population that the poll seeks to represent. This is followed by a random selection of a small percentage from within the sampling frame to represent the entire population targeted by that poll. Random here implies that everyone has an equal chance to be selected and this can only be achieved if the method chosen to identify individuals to be interviewed is free of bias. Even though Statistics postulates that the actual number of people interviewed for a given sample is less important than the soundness of ‘randomness’ employed in the process, you still need to balance the economic cost of sample sizes with the desired level of accuracy required. Accuracy of plus or minus three percentage points margin of error is the acceptable level for professional polls. Once the individual to be interviewed has been identified it is important not to change the selected person so as to eliminate possibility of bias. In the case of telephone sampling this would involve performing call-backs until such a time that selected individual is available. However, more importantly for the interview is the wording of the questions and the order in which they are set to be answered. Crafting fair and objective questions requires extensive knowledge of public opinion, care and discipline. To achieve this it is good practice to have exact wording of a question held constant from year to year to analyze trends and also to have multiple questions to help put the research within a certain context. These two practices come in handy when interpreting the poll results. Finally, for accountability purposes the polling company needs to make its data available to the public domain for any interested parties to draw their own conclusions about what the survey data means an d to assess whether the poll was conducted in a professional manner. The New York

Part1. Physical items Essay Example for Free

Part1. Physical items Essay Goods: Physical items produced by business organizations. Operations Management: the management of systems or processes that create goods and/or provide services Process: One or more actions that transform inputs into outputs Services: activities that provide some combination of time, location, form, and psychological value System: a set of interrelated parts that must work together. Technology: the application of scientific discoveries to the development and improvement of goods and services Operations management requires: both knowledge of the facts and how to interpret that info in order to produce and deliver Requires constant improvement: due to competition in the marketplace and advances in technology Good process design is: customer driven. What questions What type of process is best suited that will fulfill our customers needs What is the goal in selecting a supplier? To find the best product available for the best price you can The global market enables the operations manager: the flecibility to choose the most cost effective supplier Honda’s relationship with their suppliers is based on: trust Why did Hillrich Bradsby implement ERP system?: to simplify their processes When do hillrich bradsbey start their production process?: when an order is entered into the system What was the purpose of Disney’s Fast Pass?: remove the need to wait in line by using a virtual queue Measuring is an important method. Monitoring the consistency and repeatability of a process is called: statistical process control What technique does Gortac use to support continuous improvement: in manufacturing, try to be more efficient, improving quality: continuous improvement: record the days productivity numbers and compare – daily production meetings. How did ABTCO increase capacity without adding space or investing capital? : using fundamentals of operations mgmt., reorganized the manuf process to improve quality and efficiency. Closed lines producing unfrofitable products and started idle lines to fill shortages, as a result, their siding unit increased prod capacity w out adding space or capital expense.

Memory (SPEECH OUTLINE) -- essays research papers fc

Memory Specific purpose: to increase my audience's understanding of how memory functions and how it affects them. Central idea: Memory is a process of the brain which is prone to certain failures, although specific steps can be taken to guard against these failures. Introduction I. Memory problems can affect us in many ways. A. Some of you might have had problems finding your keys before you came to class. B. Some of you have certainly suffered from "What's Your Name Again?" syndrome. 1. We can remember attributes of people without being able to recall their names. 2. For instance, you may not know my name but you would be able to recognize me as being in your class. II. I will explain some of the basic ways memory can fail and how to take care of your memory. A. Memory can fail in numerous ways, from the common examples above to more devasting problems, like Alzheimer's disease. B. Fortunately, brain problems like Alzheimer's can be delayed or even prevented. C. In order to understand how human memory fails, we need a basic understanding of how it works. Body I. Memory is a complex process that takes place primarily in the brain. Cite: Cognition Lab @ NASA, website A. Short-term memory is the first memory formed. 1. Short-term memory holds memories that were created recently for a short period of time. a. includes sensory memory b. can turn into long-term memory B. Long-term memory stores memories created throughout our past that we may need at a future time. 1. For long term memory to be formed from short-term memory, three conditions must be met: a. attention b. repetition c. connection 2. There are two basic types of long-term memory: Cite: Dr. Eric Kendel in States of Mind, Columbia professor and director of Columbia's Center for Neurobiology and Behavior a. implicit &nbs... ...p; ii. seems to protect brain's central learning & reasoning regions from shrinkage b. All-around healthy diet is recommended. Conclusion I. Take care of your brain, because your memory is one of your most important assets. II. Keep in mind that your memory is imperfect. A. Memory is generally effective. B. People's memories can make errors such that they believe in a memory that is inaccurate. C. Even your memory can fail, so don't believe everything that you remember. Works Cited Begley, Sharon. "Memory's Mind Games." Newsweek 16 July 2001: 52-54. Conlan, Roberta, ed. States of Mind. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1999. Human Memory. 1998. NASA Cognition Lab. <http://eos.arc.nasa.gov/cognition/tutorials/ModelOf/Knowmore1.html>. Lemonick, Michael and Alice Park. "The Nun Study." Time 14 May 2001: 54-65. Loftus, Elizabeth, and Katherine Ketcham. Witness for the Defense: The Accused, the Eyewitness, and the Expert Who Puts Memory on Trial. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1992.

Economic progress in Russia in the years 1981-1982 Essay

Despite frequent changes in policy, Russian and Soviet governments were spectacularly unsuccessful in securing sustained economic progress in the years 1881-1982’. Assess the validity of this statement. Between 1981 and 1982, Russia underwent huge changes, particularly the in economy. Russian history is well known for its frequent changes in policy as the country faced revolutions, changes in regime, changes in leadership and not to mention its involvement in various conflicts. As a result, Russia’s economic policy was subject to major change apart from three key areas, industry, agriculture and the tertiary sector. These three areas of the economy remained a constant in its ever changing climate; however, many historians still argue that Russia’s economy was unsuccessful and poorly managed despite its frequent change in policy. Thus begs the question, ‘To what extent is this true?’ The Tsarist regime, for many Russians, was a period of economic instability as agriculture was seen as a secondary concern. Growth rate was not structured and growth rate fell considerably between the late 1890’s and 1905.[1] Meanwhile, other economies expanded leaving Russia struggling to catch up and some historians see agriculture as a reason for Russia’s economic decline. For example, Carol. S. Leonard argued that Russia’s grain production per capita GDP was lagged far behind that of America in 1913.[2] This argument shows how agriculture in Tsarist Russia wasn’t dealt with effectively and as a result, the economy suffered. On the other hand, some historians have pointed out that agriculture in Russia during the late Tsarist years were not so destructive. One argument maintains that actually, Russia’s agriculture grew and developed quite substantially pre- revolution. For example; from 1890 to 1913, cereal production per capita increased by 35%[3]. Although this evidence is hard to ignore, it is also difficult to turn a blind eye to the contrasting evidence which suggests that agriculture suffered under the late Tsarist regime and consequently, affected the economy as a whole. For example: â€Å"There was very little investment in agriculture in Imperial Russia and this lead to small yields and economic volatility when prices rose and fell†¦lack of investment in agriculture frequently caused grain prices to rise which caused famines†[4] Overall, although agriculture grew slightly during the Tsarist regime, ultimately it suffered greatly as did the Russian people. Looking at agriculture alone, Russia’s economy looked bleak however; industry had slightly more success during this time so perhaps the economy was not so bad after all. S J Lee puts forward a simple statement: â€Å"The periods of most rapid growth were in the reign of Nicholas II (1894-1917) as a result of the economic reforms of Sergei Witte (1892-1903)†[5]. This is easy to see, when one considers that in 1914, Russia produced 35 million tons of coal, ranking Russia fifth amongst the main producers.[6] Building on Lee’s argument, there seems to be a lot of evidence pointing to Sergei Witte as the main reason for Russia’s industrial boom. Upon taking office, Witte raised massive amounts of capital by securing a loan from France and raising taxes and tariffs and interest rates.[7] However, it is the development of Russian railways which Witte is perhaps most remembered for. Under his guidance the railway network grew from around thirty one thousand km to around fifty three km worth of track.[8] With Witte at the helm, Russia’s industry continued to develop with growth rates comparing well next to those of the United States and Germany. Witte has often been credited with modernizing Russia to such a great extent that its industrial boom continued long after he left his post as Finance Minister in 1903. For example, in 1913, Russia’s steel production stood at 4.9 million metric tons next to France’s 4.7 million, with coal and iron not far behind.[9] On the other hand, Witte’s industrialization policies were not always so successful. For example, between 1890 and 1899, Russia’s industrial growth stood at 8.0% whereas between 1900-06, it reduced to 1.4%[10]. His aims of modernizing came with a heavy cost and it was consumers who had to pay the price. Taxes were raised but only for the lower classes, indeed the wealthier classes were spared from taxation although their money was needed for private capital. Tariffs also caused problems as, although they protected Russian industry, they added to the cost of living.[11] Whatsmore, although some historians have credited Witte’s decision to seek loans from foreign investors, some remain critical. This is because the interest added to the loans had to be paid in a secure medium meaning, in order to pay off their debts, Russia was forced to export grain regularly, including during the famine of 1891.[12] Overall, although Witte made huge strides in modernizing the Russian economy, he was not entirely faultless. Industry picked up, but there were still issues and it was the common man who had to pay. The economy still suffered, although, arguably, not as much as it would have done without Witte. However, the tertiary sector also contributed to the economy. Although some historians critique Russia’s dependence of Western investors, these ties had corresponding benefits in the shape of trade. [13] Business also boomed within Russia with eight large banks emerging in 1899 which owned more than half the total bank capital. This provided free access for foreign capital, controlling important branches of the Russian economy, including the fuel and metallurgical industries. [14] Moreover, according to Robert Service, domestic industrialists and banks were thriving too.[15] This argument can be supported by the growth in towns and cities between 1897 and 1914. For example; the population in St Petersburg grew from 1’300 thousand (1987) to 2’100 thousand (1914)[16]. This shows that the economic growth had a positive impact on society and the country was doing well under the Tsarist regime. However, although to the naked eye Russia seemed to be doing well, their growth wasn’t so great. Compared to the other Great powers of the period, Russia was lagging far behind. Between 1894 and 1913, Austria-Hungary had a 79% increase in national income whereas Russia was lagging far behind with only a 50% increase[17]. This clearly demonstrates that Russia’s overall situation was not so great and actually, Russian people did suffer. When Lenin came to power in 1917, he brought with him a change in regime and economic policy including the introduction of war communism. War communism aimed to socialize the economy through state involvement. Rural areas were subjected to grain requisition which was forcibly removed by the military.[18] This inevitably was unpopular and caused much suffering and peasants who stored their crops were often wrongfully prosecuted. It was not just agriculture which suffered. Factories were nationalized by November 1920 and were geared towards war production.[19] Additionally, private trade was banned and rationing was introduced on consumer goods including food and clothing. War communism was, effectively a self destructive policy. Grain requisitioning meant more than three million people died of starvation by late 1922.[20] Moreover, money lost its value and people got by through a system of barter. Inflation shot up and multiplied 1917 costs by four million in 1922. Additionally, in comparison to the growth in city population during the Tsarist regime, people fled the cities. For example; in December 1920 the population in Petrograd fell by 57.5%[21] Lenin knew that it was time for a change. War communism caused more harm then good so Lenin came up with an alternative, the ‘New Economic Policy’ (NEP). Peasants were allowed to sell grain for profit and they paid tax on what they produced rather than giving it up[22]. Things also changed industrially and in the tertiary sector. Businessmen could own small or medium sized businesses however large firms were still state owned.[23] The NEP basically gave the people of Russia freedom and Lenin hoped that it would boost economic growth as well. However, in 1924, Lenin died and Stalin came to power. Stalin also brought new ideas and his own ways of modernizing the economy. In November 1927, Stalin introduced his policies of industrialisation and collectivisation with the aim of modernising the economy. They were supported by a series of five year plans, the first (1928-32) aimed to improve living standards and the second (1933-37) and third (1938-41) aimed to highlight and thus, amend, Russia’s weaknesses[24]. Industrialisation was relatively successful as by the late 1930’s many workers conditions had improved and they had acquired better paid jobs and unemployment was almost non-existent. Accounts from the time support this view: â€Å"Good progress was made†¦4’500 new factories, plants, mines and power stations were commissioned, three times as many as the first Five-Year period’[25]. On the other hand, industrialisation was harsh and lateness for work often led to employees getting the sack. Many prisoners also paid the price by working on the grand engineering projects and working in appalling and dangerous conditions. For example; around 100’000 workers died building the Belmor Canal[26]. Collectivisation was ultimately unsuccessful and peasants were in a worse position than ever before. The concept of sharing farms and thus, sharing salary meant there wasn’t enough money to go around and crop production fell too. For example: â€Å"†¦Grain shortages, combined with continued forced procurements, led to rural famine†¦Ã¢â‚¬ [27] However, some people benefitted from collectivisation such as Bertha Malnick: â€Å"We have more than 600 hectares†¦our farmers have built 70 new houses for themselves during the last few years†¦Ã¢â‚¬ [28]. However, it is reasonable to conclude overall that collectivisation was unsuccessful given the various sources which provide figures of those who died or badly suffered during Stalin’s reign. Stalin died in 1953 and Khrushchev took over. Khrushchev focused on DeStalinisation, distancing the USSR as far away from Stalin as possible. Khrushchev was keen to adopt a different economic policy with the aim of building on the country’s previous economic growth and amending its weaknesses and one way he did this was by abandoning the five year plans and starting a new, seven year plan (1959-65) which aimed to take advantage of newly discovered mineral resources and fit in with industry[29]. Khrushchev pumped a lot of money into agriculture and overall 40% of investment was put into the neglected eastern regions of the USSR[30]. However, the seven year plan had similar flaws to the previous five year plans such as mistakes in resource distribution. Living standards got worse, the opposite to what Khrushchev had hoped to achieve. For example; only five in one thousand citizens owned a car and in 1963, the USSR was forced to import grain from the capitalist west to compensate shortages.[31] There were successes during this time such as the rise in foreign trade however this can’t compensate for the huge failures experienced during this time. Khrushchev made an honest attempt to improve the economy however his plans backfired and once again the country was left to clean up an economic mess. Eventually, Khrushchev was removed from power and in his place came Brezhnev who did little to change the economy. The era of Brezhnev has often been described as ‘a period of economic stagnation’ but some historians believe that this is not fair. Like Khrushchev, Brezhnev wanted to focus on improving agriculture and living standards in Russia. Historians Gwyneth Hughes and Simon Welfare support this view saying: â€Å"†¦After the terror of Stalin’s reign and the chaos of Khrushchev’s, the Soviet Union was in for a period of stability, and that meant everyone kept their job and their perks for life.†[32] Brezhnev allowed farmers to work on state own plots which motivated them to produce as much as possible in order to sell the surplus[33]. This, in theory, should have been beneficial and shows that Brezhnev was trying to improve the economy through new methods however, he was not so lucky. In 1975, the USSR suffered another poor harvest meaning Brezhnev had to increase foreign exports to keep everyone fed. This was just another disaster in Russia but Brezhnev did little to help. His aim to improve agriculture and living standards meant he neglected industry and production rates continued to rapidly fall[34]. However, arguably his biggest flaw was his inability to change the already ridged economy. Brezhnev had new ideas but couldn’t fight the system and by the end of his reign, Russia had made little improvement. Historian Dmitri Volkognov best sums up the Brezhnev period saying: â€Å"If Lenin and Stalin, and to some extent even Khrushchev, were able to enliven the moribund ideology of Communism, it was quite beyond Brezhnev†¦Ã¢â‚¬ [35]. In conclusion, between 1881 and 1982, Russia experienced much hardship especially surrounding the economy. After analyzing this one hundred year period it is hard to deny that the statement ‘Despite frequent changes in policy, Russian and Soviet governments were spectacularly unsuccessful in securing sustained economic progress in the years 1881-1992’. The economy under the Tsarist regime had its faults and during and after the 1917 revolution, it was widely believed that the country’s economic situation would improve. However, from Lenin to Stalin and Khrushchev to Brezhnev, it seemed that no leader was able to sustain a long-lasting and successful economic policy. The economy grew as quickly as it declined and it has taken many years to make any significant progress since. Therefore, this statement is valid. ________________ [1] Heinemann Advanced History: The Modernisation of Russia 1856-1985 [2] Agricultural Productivity Growth in Russia 1861-1913. From Inertia to Ferment by Carol. S. Leonard [3] The Penguin History of Modern Russia by Robert Service [4] www.historymadefun.co.uk/Tsarism [5] Overview from Russia and the USSR: Autocracy and Dictatorship (questions and answers in History) by Stephen. J. Lee [6] Stephen J Lee [7] http://www.slideshare.net/russeltarr/tsar-nicholas-ii-and-industry [8] The Industrialisation of Russia by M. Falkus [9] http://www.portalus.ru/modules/english_russia [10] M. Falkus [11] A2 History OCR: A Russia and its Rulers 1855-1964 [12] A2 History OCR [13] S. J Lee [14] A History of the USSR [15] Penguin History of Modern Russia [16] M. Falkus [17] The Making of the Revolution, 1881-1905 [18] From Years of Russia and the USSR, 1851-1991 by Evans and Jenkins [19] Evans and Jenkins [20] The Russian Revolutions 1914-1924 [21] Evans and Jenkins [22] The USSR, Germany and the USA between the wars [23] Russia and the USSR 1905-1941 [24] The USSR, Germany and Russia between the wars [25] A Soviet view of the second five year plan from History of the USSR by Y. Kukushkin [26] Stalin and the Soviet Economy [27] European History 1848-1945 by T.A Morris [28] Everyday Life in Russia by Bertha Malnick [29] AQA A2 History Triumph and Collapse: Russia and the USSR 1941-1991 by John Laver & Sally Waller [30] Russia 1855- 1964 Flagship History by D. Murray and T. Morris [31] The Soviet Economy 1917-80 by S J Lee [32] Red Empire. The Forbidden History of the USSR by G. Hughes and S. Welfare [33] www.ibguides.com/history/notes.ccom [34] Years of Russia and the USSR, 1851-1991 [35] The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Empire by D.Volkognov

Hobbes and Locke: Social Contract Essay

Thomas Hobbes and John Locke held contrasting theories on how government should limit the rights of men, which they referred to as the social contract. Thomas Hobbes’ theory of the social contract is that a government should have complete discretion over the limitations of men’s rights, while Locke’s theory is that a social contract is necessary, but the rights limited should be solely for the protection of property. Thomas Hobbes’ theory of the social contract is that men should give up all of their rights to an absolute government for the protection of their lives. He writes in Chapter 14 of Leviathan that â€Å"man [should] be willing †¦ for peace and defence of himself †¦ to lay down this right to all things †¦. â€Å" (Hobbes 161). He concludes by describing the motive for man handing over rights as being for his security (Hobbes 162). John Locke’s theory is that the social contract should limit the rights of man only to protect his property. In Chapter 9 Locke describes his theory that man joins the social contract â€Å"only with an intention †¦ to preserve †¦ [his] property† (Locke 171). Locke contrasts with Hobbes where he writes in Chapter 7 of Of Civil Government that anyone that thinks that absolute government improves men should read the history of any age to be convinced otherwise (Locke 170). What role the social contract should have in the lives of men is subjective. Thomas Hobbes’ theory on the social contract holds that an absolute government is needed for the protection of men’s lives, while John Locke’s theory focuses on a limited government solely for the protection of men’s property. Works Cited Thomas Hobbes; â€Å"Leviathan†; The Arts 1000 Reader; Pearson 2007; pp 159-163 John Locke; â€Å"Of Civil Government†; The Arts 1000 Reader; Pearson 2007; pp 167-173.

Lewis Carroll In Wonderland Essays - Alice In Wonderland

Lewis Carroll In Wonderland Essays - Alice In Wonderland Lewis Carroll in Wonderland I.Through the writings of Lewis Carroll in the story Alice in Wonderland the difference between fantasy and reality can be seenthrough the eyes of a child. The stories created by Carroll are a combination of make believe stories made to entertain children he talked to on an almost daily basis. Seen as odd by adults in society Carroll better associated himself with children because of his stammering disability when speaking. A. Charles Lutwidge Dodgson B. Alice in Wonderland C. Impressions II.Charles Lutwidge Dodgeson A. Talents B. Pseudonym of Dodgson 1. Inspiration of Alice III.Alice in Wonderland A. Fantasy vs. Reality 1. Interpretation of Alice a. Growning-up b. Alice's feelings 2. True Fantasy B. Imagery IV.Impressions A. Impact on society 1. Interest of society 2. Ability to learn more Jennifer Stark Mr. Desormier English 12 Honors March 23, 1998 Lewis Carroll In Wonderland Through the writing of Lewis Carroll in the story Alice in Wonderland the difference between fantasy and reality can be seen through the eyes of a child. The stories created by Carroll are a combination of make believe stories made to entertain children he talked to on an almost daily basis. Seen as odd by adults in society Carroll better associated himself with children because of his stammering disability when speaking. Carroll the man of many talents was born Charles Lutwidge Dodgson on January 27, 1832. Out of a family of eleven children Dodgson was the oldest son and third child. As a child he was very academic and had many interest which he pursued after becoming a deacon in the Church of England. His many accomplishments include Mathematician, English logician, photographer, and novelist ("Carroll, Lewis"). From the imagination of Lewis Carroll came Alice in Wonderland and many books like it created for children. These books have been compared and interpreted by adults around the world to get a better understanding of who Carroll was as a person. For ages children have enjoyed reading about Alice and her adventure but that story is not the only thing accredited to Carroll. Carroll the man of many talents was born Charles Lutwidge Dodgson on January 27, 1832. Out of a family of eleven children Dodgson was the oldest son and third child. As a child he was very academic and had many interest which he pursued after becoming a deacon in the Church of England. His many accomplishments include mathematician, english logician, photographer, and novelist (Cohen 52-3). Later in life while writing humorous works he used the pseudonym Lewis Carroll. Dodgson arrived at this pen name by taking his own name Charles Lutwidge, and translating it into Latin as Carolus Ludovicus, then reversing and retranslating them in to English. The pen name he used only for nonacadmemic works. He then in turn used his real name when writing books on mathematics such as Euclid and His Modern Rivals (1879) which is one of historical interest ("Carroll, Lewis"). Carroll's inspiration to write Alice in Wonderland came from his entertaining of the Liddell children. Under the supervision of the governess, Carroll read stories to entertain them on their visits to his college room, where he taught mathematics. The children's father was dean of Christ Church College where Carroll taught (Hudson 264). Alice Liddell the oldest of the children was the one who begged Carroll to write the Alice Adventure's out, he did so and gave it to her. When handing the finished product to Alice he never gave any thought about hearing about it again. In weeks to come Henry Kingsley the novelist picked up the story while sitting in the drawing room of the Liddell house. When Kingsley finished reading about Alice and her Adventurers he urged Mrs. Liddell to persuade the author to publish it. Carroll impressed by Kingsley's suggestion consulted his friend George MacDonald. MacDonald read it to his children, in which they thoroughly enjoyed it and wished for "60,000 vo lumes of it." Carroll then revised it and published it in 1865 ("Carroll, Lewis"). It was all very well to say 'DRINK ME,' but the wise little Alice was not going to do that in a hurry. 'No, I'll look first,' she said 'and see whether it's marked "poison" or not'; for she had read several nice little histories about children who had got burnt, and eaten up by wild beasts and other unpleasant things, all

In Case Of and In the Event Of

In Case Of and In the Event Of In Case Of and In the Event Of In Case Of and In the Event Of By Maeve Maddox A reader asks if there’s a difference between these two phrases: Is there any difference between in case of and in the event of? Some seem to think these two phrases are synonymous; others contend that in case of is used when youre preparing for something, e.g. Take an umbrella in case it rains, while   in the event of when anticipating an unplanned occurrence, like In the event of fire, use the emergency exit.  What is your take on this? The OED defines the conjunction â€Å"in case† as â€Å"in the event that; if it should happen that.† On the Ngram Viewer, â€Å"in case of† is far more common than â€Å"in the event of† from 1800 to 1917, but then begins to plummet. In 2000, â€Å"in case of† is only slightly ahead of â€Å"in the event of† in the English database. A Google search also indicates that â€Å"in case of† is more common: in case of (290,000,000 results)   in the event of (95,400,000 results)   As for â€Å"anticipating an unplanned occurrence,† like a fire, a Google search indicates that the phrases occur about equally: in the event of emergency: 28,400,000 results   in case of emergency: 29,600,000 results   in case of fire: 22,700,000 results   in the event of fire: 19,600,000 results It seems clear that the two phrases are synonymous. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 Types of Narrative ConflictProbable vs. PossibleTypes of Plots

The possible effects of splinting natural teeth to dental implant Essay

The possible effects of splinting natural teeth to dental implant restorations - Essay Example Modern dental implants help these dentally challenged people who have lost their teeth in some unfortunate way. Dental implants are so realistic that they are virtually identical to real teeth in form, sense and purpose. Dental implants allow these persons to eat normally again and are rest assured that their facial structures are back in line. The implants are actually miniature titanium posts, planted in the gaps where a tooth or a set of teeth should be. Once these are in place, these posts act as anchors and as tooth root replacements. The jawbone then bonds with the titanium, providing a base for the new tooth ("What are Dental Implants"). According to surveys, there are a lot of Americans suffering from oral deficiencies (Meskin & Brown; Harvey & Kelly). Implants are seen as appropriate alternatives to other oral correction aids, with about 300,000 to 428,000 implants performed each year (Seckinger et al). Osseo integration (Branemark) or functional ankylosis (Schroeder et al) are the formal terms for bone anchorage attributing to the sound success of dental implants. Osseointegration works at the microscopic level and it involves the bond between the bone and implant (Branemark). There are no unstable soft tissue connection between the bone and implant, and this implant bonds at an amazing level of efficiency. Electron microscope photographs show that the bone and implant are only about 20 nanometres apart (Listgarten et al). On metal implant surfaces, the oxidation reaction between titanium forms an oxide layer (3 to 5A) on the surface of the implant (Albrektsson). This oxide layer is highly desirable as it has a c eramic -like feel to it and is resistant to water and most forms of corrosion and is entirely organically attuned (Hansson et al; "Dental Implants in Periodontal Therapy"). History shows that implants were performed ever since people learned how to replace teeth in some way. The ancient Mayans have performed dental implants as evidenced in their obsidian carvings. In the recent eras, gold and other precious metals , ceramics , rubber, stainless steel were used at some point and has proved to be effective ("Implant history"). In 1952, Per-Ing-var Branemark, based in Sweden made a breakthrough discovery resulting in dental implants using various techniques and tools in dental technology. It turns that the metal titanium can bond with organic material well and when placed surgically in a jawbone, it facilitates anchorage and also the full recovery of gums. Thus the term "Osseo integration" was born ("Implant history"). Osseo integration was actually discovered accidentally by Dr. Brnemark. Dr. Brnemark observed that titanium can combine with bone tissue, a fact that is in contrast with modern scientific facts. He showed that under certain conditions, titanium can be incorporated into living tissue with much success and with out the hassles of tissue swelling or tissue rejection Dr. Brnemark as the discoverer of this occurrence' was also the one who first coined the term "Osseo integration" ("History of dental implants"). 1965 saw the birth of the new screw-shaped implants, but these types of implants wer subsequently improved until 1985. after this time that dentists were confident of this process and it has been used ever since. Throughout those 20

Applying Counting Method Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Applying Counting Method - Speech or Presentation Example At first we had 5 choices, then 4, and then 3.The total number of options was 5*4*3=60. We had to pick three pupils out of the five. To do this, we had to start with all the 5 options, then4, and, lastly, 3 when we ran out of the top three positions. The factorial for this is: 5! =5.4.3.2.1, but we only need 5*4*3 .So how do we get rid of 2*1? If we do 5!/2!, we get this: 5!/2!=5.4.3.2.1/2.1=5.4.3we used 2, because this is what remained after picking the top three positions. This can further be expressed as: 5! / (5-3)! This means that we use the first three numbers of 5! On the other hand, combination is very simple, since the order does not matter. Dog, cat, and a goat. Let’s figure out how many different ways these animals can be rearranged. We have 3 choices for the first animal, 2 for the second animal, and 1 for the last one. Therefore, we have 3*2*1 ways to rearrange the animals. Since there are 30 runners for the qualifier, the first run can be ran by all of them, the 2nd by 29, the 3rd by 28, the 4th by 27, and so on until the remaining individual is one in the track. Hence, the answer is 30

Critically evaluate the key concepts and processes of innovation Essay

Critically evaluate the key concepts and processes of innovation - Essay Example Multinational enterprises organizes themselves into clusters in order to exploit benefits within the clusters for example they have explained that international corporation spread knowledge in different economies rather than inter firm networks .Multinational enterprises are crucial actors In innovation globally and contributes greatly on knowledge based economy .technology transfer of knowledge from multinational to foreign subsidiaries is more labor productive than in local companies hence the productivity advantage of multinationals .Research and development has been internalized by decision makers in government and this has increased innovations with multinational cooperation’s have built up their sales distribution and operations base in foreign countries.(Kinchella,2001). Innovation Innovation has being defined as the ability of affirm to devote resources into innovating new areas which have not being explored and exploiting. For example he tried to explain how socializi ng of managers has contributed to increased integration ( Mudambi & Swift, 2012) the only Way to achieve this is by through research and Foreign direct investment is geared towards exploiting existing ownership development(R&D) actitivities to trap unutilized resources globally. Innovation can only be achieved through foreign direct investment by multinationals corporations which transfer technology and hence end up benefiting the local industries mainly from spillovers and capturing absorptive capability of potential benefits from FDI (Zhao & Zhang 2006). Environment affects innovations and adaptation of new technology and improve overtime in order to enhance technological capabilities and competitive advantage such decisions are influenced by the incentives , markets skills , capital and suppliers as well as institutions which firm interacts with . Hence innovation is an interactive process which links agent’s responds to the market and this determines the rate of generatio n adaptation acquisition and dissemination of technology in productive activities. Innovation has played an important role in shaping policies and how interactions and linkages between actors bring about market failures the interactions between firms and non firm sectors i.e. universities and research and development. Innovation seeks to improve and find new ways of doing things. For example, in the European union states such as Czech Republic and Hungary used protectionist policy to encourage multinational enterprises (Narula & Guimon, 2008). Foreign direct investment (FDI) is one of the most used methods to show how innovation has helped provide positive externalities into the local economies multinational companies transfer technology to the foreign subsidiaries that can be appropriated by local firms (Garcia& Huergo 2008). Technology transfer Technological clusters enable flow of local knowledge and innovations. This knowledge is tactical and involves new concepts and ideas like in research and development where innovation requires high knowledge in its creation. This enables transmitting knowledge from one person to another and increases labor productivity and specialization (Castelles, 1999). Technology is defined as a scientific knowledge of methods used to advance in how we do our daily activities in expanding growth in the host. Research and development is the only way to explore new ways of producing goods and services. To

Mountain Dew: Company Analysis

Mountain Dew: Company Analysis Executive Summary: This report is about the Mountain Dew, which was launched in Pakistan in 1994 by Pepsi Cola Inc. It was launched without any prior research of the market. It is a product of Pepsi Cola Inc. Originally it was a private brand, which was later purchased by Pepsi Cola Inc. In this short report first I will explore the reasons of its failure in Pakistan, and then I will suggest a marketing plan to re-launch. Mountain Dew world wide usually target sports oriented and adventure seeking people but due to pattern of living in Pakistan is different so I am going to position it as a refreshing drink with a unique energizing and citrus taste. It competitors include 7 UP (another product of Pepsi which is holding 52 % of share) and Sprite ( a product of Coca Cola holding 38% of market share)in a different way. Threat for re-launching Mountain Dew is that it might affect the sale of 7 UP which is another product of Pepsi Cola Inc. The area which I select to re-launch Mountain Dew is Karachi which is one of the major cities of Pakistan. Company PepsiCo, Incorporated (NYSE: PEP) is a Fortune 500, American multinational corporation headquartered in purchase, New York, with interests in manufacturing and marketing a wide variety of carbonated and non-carbonated beverages, as well as salty, sweet and cereal-based snacks, and other foods. Besides the Pepsi brands, the company owns the brands Quaker Oats, Gatorade, Frito Lay, Naked, Tropicana, Copella, Mountain Dew, Mirinda and 7UP (outside the USA). [1] Mission Our mission is to be the worlds premier consumer Products Company focused on convenient foods and beverages. We seek to produce financial rewards to investors as we provide opportunities for growth and enrichment to our employees, our business partners and the communities in which we operate. And in everything we do, we strive for honesty, fairness and integrity. [2] Product Mountain Dew, currently stylized predominantly as Mtn Dew, is a soft drink distributed by PepsiCo, but remains its own brand. The formula was made and first marketed in Marion, VA, Knoxville and Johnson City, Tennessee, USA through the 1940s, then in Fayetteville, North Carolina by Barney and Ally Hartman. By 1964, it was being distributed across United States. The formula still used today was created by Bill (William) Jones. As of 2007, Mountain Dew was the 4th best selling carbonated soft drink in the United States, behind Coca-Cola Classic, Pepsi-Cola, and Diet Coke. Mountain Dews Diet version ranked 9th in sales. On October 15, 2008, Mountain Dews official logo was redesigned to Mtn Dew, as a result of a PepsiCo re-branding of its core products. Currently in the UK, a new drink called Mountain Dew Energy has been introduced into the energy drink market. Mountain Dew was previously marketed in the UK in 1995, with a TV spot having the strap line Wild color, smooth taste. It was unsuccessful, and the sale of Mountain Dew in the UK was discontinued (except for imports) by 1997. [3] Mountain Dew in Pakistan (Situation Analysis): Mountain Dew was launched in Pakistan in 1994 by Pepsi Cola Inc. but failed to capture the market due to many reasons. Reasons of Failure Timing: It was launched at the end of July, but summer season in most part of the Pakistan starts from March and ends on September. So the timing to launch this product is not good. Packaging: It was introduced in glass bottles that were used by 7 UP. Same look, same color, only the brand name was changed. Distribution: Timing to launch Mountain Dew also affects the delivery and distribution system. Distributors did not take huge quantity of the drink. Fragmented Launching: The launch was fragmented. Instead of launching it in one city and covered more area they launch it in five cities (Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore, Gujranwala, Faisalabad) covering only one or two location. That was not good. Awareness: Pepsi Cola Inc. did not advertise properly in media to make consumer aware of the product. Market Situation: In Pakistan consumption of soft drinks in high. So the market is very attractive for new entrants. The sales are remarkably high during summer and cultural occasions like Eid, Ramadan, Birthday parties etc. Majority population in Pakistan is from middle and lower class. Thus high prices of non-essential goods are not acceptable. So company has to be careful in setting or increasing prices. Competitive Situation: The major competitors for Mountain Dew will be 7 UP, Teem and Sprite These competitors are charging same pricesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Rs.15 for disposable 250 ml bottle and Rs.10 for regular 250 ml bottle. Teem has very little advertisement where as 7 UP and Sprite are supported by Television advertisements, billboards etc. MARKETING PLAN I am going to re-launch it. I am assigning this product a separate business unit supported by required finance and facilities in the city of Karachi. Population of Karachi is estimated at 18 million. It is the best place for launching any product. People of Karachi are more risk taker and consider being a trendsetter for the rest of the country. Mountain Dew manufacturing plan will be located at SITE Industrial Area because of availability of resources like labor, electricity and most important water which plays an important role in manufacturing of soft drinks. Market Targeting Strategy A large group has been identified within the soft drink with similar wants for Mountain Dew and market segmentation will be done on the basis of geographic, demographics and psychographics of the customers. Positioning: Mountain Dew will be positioned as Refreshing and Energizing soft drink. Product Line: Mountain Dew will be launched in different packaging after getting success in a market. Price: Its price will be same as of its competitors. Distribution Outlets: Two channels will be used for distributionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Direct channel (sale promotion officers) Indirect channel (retail outlets). Mountain Dew will be provided to 10500 of these outlets. Company will generate 75% of sale from these outlets. Sales Force: 50 sales promotional officer will be hired who are responsible for the direct sales to institutions i.e. marriage halls, hotels, offices, universities. Sale Promotion: Discount will be offered to retailers and distributors. Consumers are offered with buy one get one free offers. Advertising: Initially company will have to spent huge amount on advertising to create awareness. Commercials on entertainment channels and Fm radio will be on aired 30 times a day for at least a month. Company will also advertise through news papers, billboards, banners. Marketing Research: Keeping in view of objective to satisfy customers efficiently and effectively, marketing team will keep in touch with customers to identify their buying preferences, taste etc. Building Customer Satisfaction Value Retention Mountain Dew is trying to get the image of refreshing soft drink with unique taste. Sales team, shopkeepers at retail outlets will be friendly and supportive with customers in forwarding their suggestions and complaints to the company. Objective is to delight customers once it is achieved it will create emotional bond with the brand. Customer Satisfaction Survey: Mountain Dew will have to conduct surveys after every three months for the first year of launching in order to identify customers satisfaction and dissatisfaction level and implement those changes suggested by surveys. Delivering Customer Value and Satisfaction After identifying the customer value and satisfaction factors the next important thing is to effectively deliver those values. Here is suggested value chain system for Mountain Dew. Primary Activities Inbound Logistic and Operations: Mountain Dew will be manufactured using advance technology and processing facility located at SITE Industrial Area, Karachi. Team of potential and experienced individual will be hired to support its operations. Outbound Logistic: Delivery of Mountain Dew in Karachi will be through Distributors. Distributors will be divided according to regions like East, West, North and South. If there are places beyond distributors access, Mountain Dew will use its delivery vans. Marketing: Different medias will be used for promotions and making consumers aware of the product unique features. Support Activities: Supporting activities like procurement, human resource, accounting etc. will be carried out by separate departments established for these purposes. Scanning Marketing Environment Now we are going to analyze macro environment, the demographic, economic, technological, political-legal and social cultural, for the re-launch of Mountain Dew. Demographic Environment The first of the macro environmental force is population. The company is interested in the size, density and growth rate of population of Karachi. Karachi Population Growth: Karachis population consists of 18 million people and population growing at the rate of 5% per annum. Population can be divided into five different aged groups: school-age children, teenagers, young adults aged 25 to 40, middle aged adults age 40 to 65 and age 65 and above. Company has to target decision makers that are young adults. Economic Environment Purchasing power determines the economic environment of a country. Purchasing power depends on income, prices, savings etc. The income level of people in Karachi is very low, trends of savings is not there. Economy is dependent on foreign debts. Majority of people in Karachi are salaried or daily wages labor. Average family income is round about Rs. 6000 or less. Technological Environment I dont consider technology as important factor for Mountain Dew. Political Legal Environment Political and legal environment affects marketing decisions. Pakistan is politically unstable. It gives negative indicator to foreign investors. So company has to seek some sort of assurance for the responsibility of regulating business from some agencies. Social cultural Pakistan has a mix culture. People are following inherited tradition, traditional norms and values. Due to high poverty people can not afford very cost. Many families in Pakistan live under one roof, so purchasing patterns of consumers are highly influenced by the advices and recommendations of other family members. Mountain Dew is being re-launched in Karachi, which is the largest city of Pakistan in terms of population, size and area. Here soft drinks are utilized through out year due to hot weather. The People of Karachi are considered trendsetters of the country. Competition Mountain Dew has identified its competitors as 7 UP, Sprite, Teem that are substitute for each other with a very little difference in taste and filling where as Mountain Dew falls in this category with unique taste and packaging. Mountain Dew has to face tough competition from Sprite (brand of Coca-Cola Company) and 7 UP (brand of Pepsi) both constitute 92% the market share. Competitors Profile Coca Cola Inc The Coca-Cola Company began its operation in Pakistan in 1953. Its brands include Coca-Cola ®, Fanta ®, Sprite ®. It has approximately 70000 retail outlets in its distribution list. The Coca-Cola Company sponsors the Basant Festival in Lahore, a festival that marks the beginning of spring and attracts tourist from all over the world. It also sponsor music concerts through out the country for teenagers and underprivileged children. The Coca-Cola company is the selected supplier for Pakistan Railway, serving soft drinks in stations, platform and on trains. 7 UP Pepsi Cola Inc. launched 7 UP in Pakistan in 1969. It is consider as the market leader in the white drinks category. Pepsi Cola introduced 7 UP in Pakistan in 1969. Today 7 UP is considered the market leader in the white drinks category. 7 UP is financially strong and well established brand. Competitive Strategy for Mountain Dew Mountain Dew is new to the soft drink market of Pakistan as it was failed in the previous experience due to not having good marketing strategy. After analysis I recommend following strategy moves for Mountain Dew in order to compete with 7 UP and Sprite. Product Proliferation Now it will be provided in variety of sizes (see table 1.1) in order to increase the consumption and making price conscious consumer buy the product as they will purchase it according to their specific need. Product Innovation Mountain Dew itself is an innovative product in the market of Pakistan because of it unique citrus taste and energizing attributes. Distribution Innovation Mountain Dew will not only rely on distributors but it will develop its own distribution channel in order to get access to the market from all the dimensions. Market Segmentation A large group has been identified within the soft drink with similar wants for Mountain Dew and market segmentation will be done on the basis of geographic, demographics and psychographics of the customers. Geographic At start it will be launched in Karachi city only after that it will be introduced in the rest of Sindh, Punjab, NWFP and Baluchistan. Developing an Advertising Program Advertisement is a cost effective way to circulate messages, whether, build brand preference or to educate people. Advertising Objective Convince the market of the brand superiority. Type of Advertising As Mountain Dew is at its initial stage, we will use informative advertising, making people aware of the product, its quality and benefits of using the product. Advertisement Budget Mountain Dew is at the beginning of product life cycle, as consumers are not aware of it, thus large investment will be required for advertisement. Advertising Message Forget past as its gone, look new and choice new which is Mountain Dew. Selecting Media For Mountain Dew advertisement we will chose media that is cost effective and covering large number of audience. As it is customer-oriented company, its goal is to serve maximum number of customers. Electronic Media Electronic media will be used for advertising Mountain Dew i.e. TV. Its commercials will be on aired on PTV (Pakistans national Channel) and entertainment channels like ARY Digital, Hum TV and GEO Entertainment. Print Media Apart from electronic media company will advertise in newspapers like The News, Dawn and Magazines like Akhbar-e-Jehan. Billboards Billboards will be place on all major areas of the cities like Deltons, SITE, Korangi Bridge, FTC etc. Sales Promotion: Sale promotion tools we are going to use for Mountain Dew are as under: Free Trials Free trails will be offered for the first week to 2000 consumer who visited retail outlets. Prizes / Contest For the first two month company will attach coupon to each bottle, after filling it customer will return this coupon to retailer who then forward to company, through lucky draw on weekly basis consumer will be awarded prizes like motorbike, bicycle, mobile etc. Critical Reflection on Learning Outcomes Mountain was first launched in 1994. It tried to get the image of activating and energetic soft drink with a unique citrus taste, providing customer with a highest product value. Customer had wide range of choices in selecting product quantity. Mountain Dew offered the same price as its competitors were offering i.e. Rs. 10 for regular bottle but with additional quantity of 50 ml. the reason it failed to capture the market was market plan. Following were the problem with there marketing plan: 1. Company introduced the product at the end of July, but summer season in Pakistan starts from march and ends on September, so the timing to introduce the product was not good. 2. It was introduced in glass bottles that were used by 7 UP. Same look, same color, only the brand name was changed 3. The launch was fragmented. Instead of launching it in one city and covered more area they launch it in five cities (Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore, Gujranwala, Faisalabad) covering only one or two location. That was not good. 4. Pepsi Cola Inc. did not advertise properly in media to make consumer aware of the product. Why Organization Need Marketing Plan It is an essential document for both large corporate marketing departments and for startup companies. The Marketing Plan is generally undertaken for one of the following reasons: Needed as part of the yearly planning process within the marketing functional area. Needed for a specialized strategy to introduce something new, such as new product planning, entering new markets, or trying a new strategy to fix an existing problem. Is a component within an overall business plan, such as a new business proposal to the financial community? When writing the business plan, the Marketing Plan section explains how youre going to get your customers to buy your products and/or services. The marketing plan, then, will include sections detailing your: Products and/or Services and your Unique Selling Proposition Pricing Strategy Sales/Distribution Plan Advertising and Promotions Plan The easiest way to develop your marketing plan is to work through each of these sections, referring to the market research you completed when you were writing the previous sections of the business plan.