Sodium Hydroxide and Erlenmeyer Flask free essay sample

To learn the concept of separating organic compounds by utilizing the concept of acid/base chemistry in so that separation can be done. INTRODUCTION Using acid base chemistry in the separation of substances can be a quite useful technique in organic chemistry. A basic extraction can be carried out by applying a hot solvent such as water to a dry substance like coffee. This will allow for the extraction of caffeine and flavor from the coffee beans. Acid base chemistry can be useful in separating neutral, basic, and acidic organic substances by controlling the pH of the aqueous layer. We will write a custom essay sample on Sodium Hydroxide and Erlenmeyer Flask or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In acid base extraction a solvent such as ether is mixed with an aqueous solution of a different pH. This will aid in ionizing the intended compound and separate it from the mixture. Once the molecule is ionized it will precipitate out of the ether solvent and dissolve into the aqueous layer. The aqueous layer can then be removed and the pure substance can be obtained through crystallization. In this weeks lab a mixture of carboxylic acid, phenol, and a neutral substance were separated from an ether solution. First, the carboxylic acid was ionized with a weak base and removed. A strong base was then applied to the mixture to allow the phenol to ionize and precipitate into the aqueous layer. This layer of aqueous solution was then extracted which left the neutral compound in the ether solvent. The three separated substances were then crystallized for melting point and identification. PROCEDURE Isolation a neutral compound from a mixture containing an acid impurity 1. 0. 24grams  of  unknown  sample and  0. 12  grams  benzoic  acid was  weighted   and placed in a test tube. 2. 10ml of ether was added to the mixture and was shakes to  dissolve completely the  mixture. The solution  then  transferred to  125 ml separatory funnel and  5ml of  1M NaOH  was added, with the cap tight, the layers was mix by swirling and shaking for 30 seconds. Pressure was vent by titling the funnel and opening the stop cork. 4. It was shakes again after closed the stop cork. The mixture was leaved to stand to allow the layers to separate. The aqueous layer was drain into Erlenmeyer  flask and was labeled as first extraction NaOH. 5. 5ml of the 1M NaOH solution was added to the ether layer in the funnel and the step 1-5 was repeated and labeled as second extraction NaOH. . The flask was taken to the hood and by using glass rod slowly stirring when 6M HCl was added into each Erlenmeyer flask until the solution was acidic by using blue litmus paper. 7. The drying procedure for an ether layer requires the additional step, which not include in the procedure for drying of methylene chloride layer. 8. 5 ml of saturated aqueous sodium chloride was added. Then the mixture was shake for 30 seconds and let the layer separate. The aqueous layer was removed and discarded. 9. The ether layer was poured from the top of the seperatory funnel into the Erlenmeyer flask. 10. The ether layer over granular anhydrous sodium sulfate was dried 11. The dried ether solution was transferred, dry Pasteur pipet to a dry, reweighted Erlenmeyer flask, leaving the drying agent behind. 12. The ether was evaporate by heating the flask in a warm water bath. When the solvent was evaporated, the flask was removed from the bath and dry the outside of the flasks. When the flask was cooled to room temperature, the amount of solid solute was weighted. The melting point of the solid was obtained. Result 1. The actual weight of benzoic acid 2. Weight of benzoic acid recovered 3. Observed melting point of benzoic acid 4. Percent recovery o benzoic acid 5. Actual weight of unknown sample 6. Weight of unknown sample recovered 7. Observed melting point of unknown sample Questions 1. List four water-immiscible liquids other than ether that could be used to extract organic compounds from aqueous solution. 2. Why is it wrong to leave a bottle of anhydrous sodium sulphate or calcium chloride open? Draw the structure of the product when benzoic acid reacts with sodium hydroxide. Why is the product of this reaction easily extracted into H2O, while the original benzoic acid is not so easily exacted into H2O? 4. Why does benzoic acid precipitate out when the aqueous layer acidified with HCl?

Homosexual Adoptions essays

Homosexual Adoptions essays Should homosexual couples be allowed to adopt children? The question concerning gay couples adopting children has become major problem in our society. This has become more of a political issue than a moral issue. If the question is looked at morally instead of politically then there would be no question at all. Gay couples should be in no way allowed to adopt children. There are several reasons why gay couples should not be able to adopt children. People look at this question from the wrong standpoint, instead of looking at what is better for the child they try to accommodate those who live an alternative life style. The child should be the most important factor in the adoption process. If God intended for homosexual couples to have and raise children he would have made it possible naturally. There are some cases that heterosexual couples adopt because they are unable to have children, but the difference here is that most heterosexual couples can naturally have children, while on the other hand no homosexual couples can naturally produce children. Homosexuality is morally degrading to a society, and for our society to condone homosexual relationships by allowing them to adopt children would hurt our societies morals, and be unfair to the child. A child growing up with homosexual parents would not have all the advantages that a child growing up with heterosexual parents would. A child is better off having a mother and a father, and it would be confusing to a child if he had two mothers or two fathers. The childs parents would influence the childs perception of normal and natural relationships. A child tends to imitate its parents this means a child that is raised by homosexual parents is more likely to be homosexual than those who are raised by heterosexual parents. It is not natural to be homosexual because instincts that come natural are to help us survive and homosexuality would not help survive....